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Rapid Diagnostics Utilizing Nucleic Acid Amplification and Immunoassay Technologies
Rapid diagnostics are essential tools in microbiology designed to identify pathogens significantly faster than traditional culture-based methods. These assays, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, provide definitive identification of bacteria, viruses, or fungi, allowing for the timely administration of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials and specialized isolation protocols.
The speed of these diagnostics is a cornerstone of effective antibiotic stewardship. By identifying the specific pathogen and its resistance markers early, clinicians can avoid the prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which reduces the risk of secondary infections like Clostridioides difficile and slows the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms.
Molecular rapid diagnostics function by detecting specific genetic sequences unique to a pathogen. In a clinical sample, the DNA or RNA is extracted and amplified millions of times, allowing even a minute quantity of the virus or bacteria to be identified. This is particularly useful for slow-growing organisms, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, where…